A
| Acute |
This is a descriptive term for a condition having a very brief and
/ or a very severe development. |
Age
|
The age of horses is computed from the first of January. For
example, a horse shall be considered to be one year of age on the first
of January following the actual date of foaling. The horse's age
on January 1 shall be maintained throughout the entire year. |
| Aged |
A horse that is six (6) years or older. AKA senior horse. |
| Aid |
A natural or artificial signal used by the rider to give instructions
to the horse. |
| Anatomy |
The science of the structure of the animal body and the relation of
its parts. |
| Arthritis |
Any inflammation within the structures found in the joint. |
| Articular Wing Fracture |
A fracture of the coffin bone that travels through the wing of the
coffin bone into the distal interphalangeal joint. |
| Artificial Aid |
Use of whip, or spur to provide a signal to the horse |
| Artificial Insemination (AI) |
Insemination by other than natural means. The mare is not covered
by the stallion, and the semen is deposited in the uterus by mechanical
means. |
| Atrophy |
This is the state of wasting away or degeneration of normal cells,
tissues, muscles, or organs due to an cause, such as lack of innervation
or disuse. |
|
B
| Bareback Riding |
Riding a horse without a saddle or blanket on its back. |
| Barrel |
The part of the horse's body between the forearms and the loins. |
| Base Narrow |
The left and right fore feet are placed closer together than the proximal
portions of these limbs. |
| Base Wide |
The left and right forefeet are naturally placed further apart than
the proximal portions of these limbs. |
| Bay |
A horse color - A dark skinned horse with a dark brown to a bright
reddish / yellowish brown coat with a black mane and tail, and normally
black markings on the legs. |
| Bench Knees |
A conformation in which the cannon bone is offset to the lateral side
and does not follow a straight line from the radius. |
| Bicipital Bursa |
An inflammation of a bursa underneath the tendon of the biceps
brahii on the lateral side of the shoulder joint. |
| Bit
|
A device, normally made of metal, attached to a headstall, and placed
in the horse's mouth. It is used to regulate the position of the
horse's head and to help control the pace and direction of the horse.
See also snaffle bit and curb bit. |
| Black |
A horse color - a horse with a black coat, mane, and tail with
no other color present, except white markings on the face and/or legs. |
| Blemish |
Any scar let by an injury or wound. Normally does not cause unsoundness. |
| Bog Spavin |
A chronic synovial effusion of the hock joint capsule of uncertain
pathogenesis and unassociated with lameness, tenderness, heat, or radiographic
changes. |
| Bone Spavin |
An osteoarthritis that involves the distal intertarsal, tarsometatarsal,
and occasionally the proximal intertarsal joints of the hock. |
| Bowed Tendon |
A swelling of the flexor tendon usually in the foreleg, caused by excessive
strain resulting in damage to the tendon sheath. |
| Bow-legged |
An outward curve of one or both legs at or below the knee. |
| Break |
The initial training of a horse under saddle |
| Breeder |
Owner of the dam at the time of service. |
| Bridle |
Consists of a headstall, bit, and reins. |
| Browband |
Part of the bridle which lies across the horse's forehead below the
ears. |
| Bruised Sole |
Is caused by the horse treading heavily on a sharp stone, a stub, or
by a badly fitted shoe. The result of a bruised sole is tendrness
and possibly extreme lameness. |
| Buck |
A leap into the air by a horse keeping its back arched, and coming
down with its forelegs stiff and its head held low. |
| Bursa |
A sac or saclike cavity filled with a viscous fluid and situated at
places in the tissues at which friction would otherwise develop. |
| Bursitis |
This is a condition of inflammation within the bursa. This inflammation
can lead to a formation of a calcium deposit. |
| Buttress Foot |
When viewed laterally in the area of the coronary band, the hoof exhibits
a protuberance or bump. |
|
C
| Calf Knees |
Backward deviation of the carpus or carpal joints. |
| Camped Out Behind |
The entire hind limb is placed too far caudally when viewed laterally. |
| Canines |
These are the conical teeth that are found between the incisors and
cheek teeth. |
| Canter
|
A pace of three time in which the hoofs strike the ground in the following
order: near hind, near fore and off hind together, off fore (leading
leg) or off hind, off fore and near hind together, near for (leading leg). |
| Cap |
This is the remnant of the deciduous tooth which is shed at a specific
time. |
| Capped Hock |
A swelling of the point of the hock due to the bruising of the subcutaneous
bursa. |
| Chestnut
|
A horse color - a horse with a gold to dark redish-brown coat,
usually having a matching or slightly lighter or darker mane and tail,
or sometimes with a flaxen colored mane and tail. |
| Club Foot |
Is one that has a foot axis of sixty degrees or more. |
| Colic |
Sharp abdominal pains often the symptom of flatulence, an obstruction
created by a mass of hard food, or faeces in the bowel, and which can lead
to a twisted gut. |
| Collection
|
Shortening the pace by a light contact from the rider's hands and a
steady pressure with the legs to make the horse flex its neck, relax its
jaw, and bring its hocks well under it so that it is properly balanced. |
| Colostrum
|
It is a milky fluid sccreted by the mammary gland a few days before
and after partutrition wich contains many nuytrients and antibodies necessary
for the offspring's survival. |
| Colt |
An ungelded (uncastrated) male horse less than four (4) years old. |
| Conformation |
The shape or contour of the body or any particular body structure. |
| Contracted Heels |
The walls of the foot are contracted in one or more places in the regions
of the quarters and heels and on one or both sides of the foot. |
Coon Footed
|
A conformation hoof characteristic where an axis drawn over the dorsal
surface of the hoof is more vertical than that axis drawn through the proximal
phalanx. The pastern slopes more than does the dorsal surface of
the hoof wall highlighting this conformational fault. |
| Corn |
Bruising of the sole in the angle between the wall of the hoof and
the heel. |
| Cow Hocks |
This is a conformational characteristic where there is a medial deviation
of the tarsal joints. |
| Cowlick |
A lock or tuft of hair growing in a different direction from the rest
of the hair. |
| Cracked Heels |
Chapping of the skin behind the pastern. |
| Cryptorchid |
A horse in which both of the testicles have failed to normally descend
in tot the scrotum by three (3) years of age. |
| Curb Bit |
A bit, either with a solid or jointed mouthpiece, that has shanks and
provides leverage (reins attach below the horse's mouth). |
| Curb Groove |
The groove of the lower jaw just behind the lower lip. |
| Curb |
An inflammation and thickening of the long plantar ligament of the
tarsus, causing a swelling at the back of the hock joint and resulting
in lameness. |
| Cut |
To geld or castrate a colt or stallion. |
|
D
| Dam |
The female parent of a horse. |
| Deciduous |
This is a term that is used to describe the teeth of the first dentition.
These are not permanent teeth but are cast off when the permanent teeth
erupt. |
| Digital Cushion |
This is a wedge-shaped mass that overlies the frog. |
| Distal |
Remote; farther from any point of reference; opposite of proximal |
| Distension |
That physical state of being swollen or enlarged due to pressure originating
internally. |
| Dorsal |
This is an anatomical nomenclature term which means that the structure
or point in reference pertains to the back or towards the back. |
| Double Bridle |
A bridle consisting of two bits; a curb bit and a snaffle bit which
are attached by means of two cheekpieces and may be operated independently. |
|
E
| Epidermis |
This is the outer most layer usually referring to the skin, which is
usually not supplied with blood vessels. |
| Estrus |
Period of sexual receptivity in the female, "heat". |
| Euthanasia |
The putting to death of an animal suffering from an incurable disease
or injury. |
| Extension |
The movement that brings a limb into a straight line. |
| Extensor |
Any muscle that extends a joint. |
|
F
| Fall
|
A horse is considered to have fallen when the shoulder and flank on
the same side have touched the ground. A rider is considered to have
fallen when he/she is separated from his/her horse, that has not fallen,
in such a way that he/she must remount. |
| Femorotibial joint |
This is one of two articulations that make up the stifle. This
is an articular joint between the femur and the tibia. |
| Filly |
A female horse less than four (4) years old. |
| Fistula |
This is an abnormal passage or communication usually between two internal
organs or leading from an internal structure to the surface of the body. |
| Flexion |
The act of bending or condition of being bent. |
| Floating Teeth
|
This is the method that is used to remove the buccal and lingual edges
of the arcades along the protuberant portions of the surface of cheek teeth
and incisors in an effort to create a more perfect occlusion. |
| Foal |
A young horse up to the age of 12 months. |
| Foot Axis |
This is the inclination of the hoof as it is in reference to the ground
surface. |
| Forehand |
The part of the horse which is in front of the rider: that is the head,
neck, shoulders, withers, and forelegs. |
| Founder |
Laminitis; inflammation of the sensitive / live tissues of the hoof. |
| Frog |
The band of horny substance in the middle of the sole of a horse's
foot, dividing into two branches and running towards the heel in the form
of a fork. |
|
G
| Gait |
The four paces at which a horse usually moves - the walk, trot, canter
(lope), and gallop. |
| Gelding |
A male horse that has been castrated, and can not breed. |
| Gestation |
The period between conception and foaling, normally around eleven (11)
months for a mare. |
| Get |
The offspring of a stallion. |
| Ginglymus Joint |
A type of synovial joint that allows movement in but one plane, forward
and backward, as the hinge of a door. |
Girth
|
a) The circumference of a horse, measured behind the withers
round the deepest part of the body.
b) A band, usually of leather, webbing, or nylon, passed under
the belly of the horse to hold an English saddle in place. |
| Grade |
A horse that is not registered with any breed association. |
| Green |
A horse which is broken (started under saddle) but not fully trained,
an inexperienced horse. |
| Grey |
A horse color - a dark skinned horse with a coat of black and white
hairs mixed together; the whiter ones becoming more predominant with each
change of coat. |
| Ground Line |
A pole place in front of a fence used for judging the take point for
the jump. |
| Ground Manners |
The behavior of a horse while a person is on the ground, grooming,
saddling, etc. |
| Gymkhana |
Mounted games likes Keyhole, Flag Picking, Stake Race, Pole Bending,
and Barrel Race. |
|
H
| Halter |
A headpiece made out of rope, nylon, or leather, that is used for leading
a horse or tying up. |
| Hand |
A linear measurement equalling four (4) inches used in giving the height
of a horse, the fractions being expressed in inches. |
| Haunches |
The hips and buttocks of a horse. |
| Heel |
An anatomic term which is used to designate the palmar portion of the
hoof wall medially or laterally. |
| Height |
The height of a horse is measured in a perpendicular line from the
ground to the highest part of the withers. |
| Hereditary |
It is that which can be genetically transmitted from parent to offspring. |
| Hock |
The tarsal joint or region of the tarsus in the hind leg of the horse. |
| Hoof |
a) A term used to describe the entire foot of a horse.
b) The insensitive horny covering which protects the sensitive
parts of a horse's foot. |
| Hoof/Pastern Axis |
A imaginary line passing through the center of the pastern. |
| Horseman |
A person skilled in the training and management of horses. |
| Horseshoe |
A shaped metal band nailed to the base of riding and harness horse's
hooves to protect them. |
| Hyperextend |
The state in which there is an extreme or excessive extension of a
limb. |
| Hyperflexion |
The state of forcible over-flexion of a limb. |
|
I
| Ilium |
The largest of the three bones of the pelvis. |
| Impulsion |
Controlled and strong forward movement of the horse. |
| In Foal |
Pregnant. |
| In Hand class |
Any of various show classes which the horses are led in a halter or
bridle without saddlery, and are judged chiefly on conformation. |
| In front of the bit |
When the horse pulls or hangs heavy on the rider's hands. |
| Inbreeding |
The mating of related individuals, such as brother and sister, sire
and daughter, or son and dam. |
| Independent Seat |
The ability to maintain a firm, balanced position on a horse's back,
without relying on the reins or stirrups. |
| Indirect Rein |
Guiding a horse with the opposite rein to the direction the horse is
moving. AKA neck rein |
| Inflammation |
This is a reaction of the tissues when injured that results in a redness
to the dermis, the production of heat, swelling of the tissues, and pain. |
| Inside Leg |
The legs of a rider and horse, which are on the inside of any circle
or track. |
| Interference |
This is the striking of a limb by the contralateral foot. This
usually results in trauma to this limb. |
| Irons |
Stirrups on an English saddle. |
|
J
| Jog |
A short paced, collected trot. |
| Joint |
This is an articulation: it is the union or junction between
two or more bnones of the skeleton. |
| Junior Horse |
A horse that is 5 years of age and younger |
|
K
| Knock Knees |
This is a conformation that refers to defomity in which the metacarpus
deviates laterally the distal radius deviates medially. |
|
L
| Lactic Acid |
The substance produced as a byproduct of muscle metabolism. The
greater amount of work that the muscles perform, the greater amount of
lactic acid circulating throughout the body. |
| Lamina |
This is an anatomical term to indicate a structure or layer of specific
tissues. |
| Laminitis |
Inflammation within the lamina of the horses hoof: referred to
as "founder". |
| Lateral |
This is an anatomical term denoting a position further away from the
median plane or the mid line of the body. |
| Lead |
A horse's leading leg in a canter or lope. Also the last leg
to touch the ground. |
| Leg Up |
The action of mounting a horse with the assistance of another person. |
| Lesion |
It is a change in texture or structure of tissue due to an injury or
disease process. |
| LFG |
Live foal guarantee |
| Ligaments |
A band of tissue that connects bones or supports viscera. |
|
M
| Maiden Mare |
A mare that which has not had a foal, though she may be carrying
one. |
| Mane |
The long hair growing on the top of horse's head and down the neck. |
| Mare |
A female horse aged four (4) years or over. |
| Martingale |
A device used to help keep a horse's head in the correct position,
or prevent the horse from evading the bit. |
| Medial |
This is an anatomical term pertaining to structures or points that
lay close to the mid line or median plane of the body. |
| Median Plane |
This anatomical plane divides the animal symmetrically into right and
left halves with any plane parallel to the median plane being referred
to as a sagittal plane. |
| Metatarsals |
These are the bones of the hind limb that extend from the hock to the
fetlock. |
| Monorchid |
A horse in which one of the testicles has failed to n ormallyu descend
into the scrotum by three(3) years of age. |
| Mucking |
Daily stable chores of removing wet, soiled bedding and replacing it
with clean, dry bedding, and overall cleaning of the stable. |
| Muscle Atrophy |
Is the visible wasting away of any muscle tissue. |
|
N
| Natural Aid |
Use of rider's body, hands, legs, or voice to give instruction to the
horse. |
| Navicular Disease |
It is gradual onset and insidious in appearance. The first sign
is a pointing of the fore foot in the stable or each fore foot alternately. |
| Near Side |
The left hand side of a horse. |
| Neck Rein |
Guiding a horse with the opposite rein to the direction the horse is
moving. AKA Indirect Rein |
| Neurectomy |
This is the surgical or chemical excision of a part of a nerve. |
| Nomenclature |
Terminology; specifically a classified system of names. |
|
O
| Off Side |
The right hand side of the horse. |
| On the Bit |
Describes a horse that holds its head in the near vertical position
and calmly accepts the rider's control on the reins. |
| Osselets |
An exostosis within the fetlock joint. This is commonly referred
to as traumatic arthritis of the metacarpalphalangeal joint. |
| Ossification |
The formation of bone or of a bony substance; the conversion of fibrous
tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. |
| Osteoarthritis |
Chronic multiple degenerative joint disease. |
| Over in the Knees |
This is a conformation in which there is a forward deviation of the
carpus. |
|
P
| Pace |
A lateral gait in two time, in which the hind leg and the foreleg of
the same side move forward together. |
| Paddle |
An outward deviation of the foot during flight. |
| Paddling |
This is a movement of the foot during flight where the foot moves away
form, then back, at the beginning and at the end of the stride. |
| Parrot Mouth |
Either overshot or undershot and is defined by the American Association
of Equine practitioners as "no occlusal contact between the upper and lower
central incisors." |
| Pastern |
The portion of the horse's foot occupied by the first and second phalanges. |
| Pastern Axis |
This is the inclination of the pastern with reference to the ground
surface observed from both the dorsal and lateral views. |
| Pastern Joint
|
Formed by two convex areas on the distal extremity of the proximal
phalanx and two shallow concave areas expanded by a palmar fibrocartilaginous
plate on the proximal extremity of the middle phalanx. |
| Patella
|
This is a long and narrow gone located in the interior portion of the
stifle joint. The free surface is convex in both directions and the
articular surface is convex from side to side and slightly concave proximally
to distally. |
| Pedigree |
A record of the ancestry of a horse. |
| Phalangeal |
Having to do with the bones of the digit. |
| Pigeon Toed |
A conformation fault in which the toe of the hooves point medially,
usually resulting in a paddling motion during movement. |
| Pinto |
A horse of any breed other than Quarter Horse whose coat consists of
large, irregular and clearly defined patches of white and another color. |
| Plaiting |
When horses, especially with base-narrow, toe-wide conformation, tend
to place one forefoot directly in front of the other. |
| Plantar |
Pertaining to the sole of the foot and to the back of the hind limb. |
| Podotrochleosis |
Inflammation of the navicular bone within the horse's foot. |
| Points |
A term to describe the coat color of the lower legs, mane, and tail. |
| Poll |
The highest area on the top of a horse's head. It's where the
skull fits on the spine, right behind the ears. |
| Pony |
a) A horse not exceeding 14.2 HH (hands high) at maturity.
b) The lead another horse while mounted. |
| Port |
A raised section in the middle of the mouthpiece that affects the harshness
of the curb bit. Low ported bits are milder. |
| Post |
To rise from the saddle at the trot |
| Post Legged |
This is a conformational characteristic where there is an excessively
straight pelvic limb. |
| Posting |
When a rider rises form the saddle in the rhythm with a horse's movement
at the trot. AKA rising trot. |
| Poultices |
A soft, moist, pultaceous mass applied hot to the surface of a part
for the purpose of supplying heat and moisture. |
| Produce |
Offspring of a mare. |
| Proud Flesh |
This is the accumulation of excessive granulation tissue. |
| Proximal |
Nearest; closer to any point of reference: opposed to distal. |
| Pulse |
The rhythmic throbbing of an artery which can be palpated digitally. |
| Purebred |
A horse with both parents of the same breed. |
| Pus |
Substances that are produced through the inflammatory action which
contains cells, bacteria, and fluid. |
|
Q
| Quarter |
This is an unofficial anatomic term which is used to designate the
medial or lateral portion of the hoof wall. |
| Quittor |
This is an infection of the lateral cartilage of the foot. |
|
R
| Rack |
The most spectacular movement of a gaited horse, like the American
Saddlebred. It is a very fast, even gait in which each foot strikes
the ground separately in quick succession. |
| Rear |
A horse rises up on the hind legs |
| Reata |
Spanish for lariat. |
| Rein back |
To make horse step backwards while being ridden or driven (4 beat). |
| Reins |
A pair of long, narrow straps attached to the bit and used by the rider
or driver to guide and control the horse. Usually made of leather. |
| Ring Bone
|
A bony enlargement round the top of the hoof which is known as a "low
ring bone", or round the pastern bones in which it is known as a "high
ring bone". There is a third form which is called a "false ring bone"
which is found on the shaft of the bone and not on the joining of two bones. |
| Roan |
A horse color - a horse having black, bay, or chestnut coat with a
mixture of white hairs which modifies the color. |
|
S
| Saddle |
A seat for a rider on horseback, made in various designs according
to the purpose for which it is required. |
| Scapula |
The flat, triangular bone comprising the shoulder. |
| Scar Tissue |
This is tissue that remains after healing has occurred within the wound
or injury. |
| Scratch |
To withdraws a horse from an equestrian event after it has been officially
entered. |
| Scratches |
Eczematous inflammation usually located in the heel of a horse's foot. |
Seedy Toe
|
Is an affection of the foot in which the middle layer of horn becomes
separated from the sensitive layer underneath. In the space formed,
a soft mealy kind of horn is formed. As the name suggest, this is
most often found in the toe, but it many occur at any part of the wall
of the foot, and starting from the ground runs upwards sometimes as far
as the coronet. |
| Senior Horse |
A horse that is six (6) years or older. AKA aged. |
| Septicemia |
Presence in the blood of bacterial toxins. |
| Service |
The mating of mare by a stallion. |
| Sesamoid Bones |
A paired set of bones which are located behind the distal end of the
large metacarpal bone. These bones are held in place to the first phalanx
by several large ligaments. |
| Sessamoiditis |
An inflammation of the bones situated just above and behind the fetlock
joint. |
| Shoe Boil |
A fluid-filled swelling on the point of the elbow. |
| Shy |
A horse swerves away suddenly in the fear or high spirits. |
| Sickle Hocks |
Conformational fault characteristic of the tarsal joint that laterally
depicts an excessive angulation. |
| Side Bones |
A bony growth on either lateral cartilage of the foot. |
| Sire |
The male parent of a horse. |
| Snaffle Bit |
A bit, usually with a jointed mouthpiece, with no shanks (the reins
attach at the horse's mouth). |
| Sock |
White markings on any of the horse's lower legs. If it reaches
any higher than the midway joint on the leg, it is called a stocking. |
| Sole |
The bottom of the foot. |
| Sound |
Said of a horse which if free from any illness, disease, physical defect,
or imperfection which might impair in any way its usefulness or ability
to work. |
| Spasm |
These are unwilling contractions of muscle tissue which usually result
in pain. |
| Spavin (bone) |
A bony enlargement on the lower aspect of the inside of the hock. |
| Spavin (bog) |
A soft swelling of the hock to the front of the inner side. |
| Spavin Test |
A test that occurs during a lameness exam which includes an observation
of the gait after forced flexion of the hock for a period of time. |
| Spayed Mare |
Filly or mare that has been spayed, rendered incapable of conception
by whatever procedure, including removal of the ovaries. |
| Splint |
A bony growth which gradually forms between a horse's cannon bone and
one of the splint bones as a result of excess strain or concussion. |
| Sprain |
This is a disorder that results form an abnormal stretching of a limb
causing a partial or full ligament rupture. |
| Spurs |
A pointed device strapped on to the heel of rider's boot and used as
an artificial aid. |
| Stallion |
An ungelded male horse aged four years or over. |
| Standing Under
|
A deviation in which the entire forelimb from the elbows down is placed
in back of the perpendicular and too far under the body when the animal
is viewed from the side. |
| Stifle Joint |
The joint between the femur and the tibia plus the joint between
the femur and the patella. |
| Stirrup Leather |
The adjustable strap by which the stirrup iron is attached to an English
Saddle |
| Strain |
This is a disorder that results from the over work of the horses musculature. |
| Strangles |
An infectious and highly contagious disease caused by the organism
Streptococcus Equi and occurring most commonly in young horses. |
| Stride |
The measured distance between hoof prints originating from the same
limb. |
String Halt
|
Caused a horse suddenly to snatch up on one or both hind legs when
walking and occasionally when trotting. Sometimes it is hardly noticeable,
but in bad cases the horse almost kicks itself in the stomach. It is not
often found in horses under five (5) years of age. |
| Stud |
A stallion |
| Subcutaneous |
Under the skin. |
| Suspensory Ligament |
A ligament that serves to hold up a part of the body or an organ. |
| Sweeny |
This is a neurogenic atrophy of any muscle or muscle group. |
| Sweet Itch |
A dermatitis usually found in horses that are allergic to a particular
pasture plant, and therefore most likely to occur in the spring and summer
months. |
| Synovial Vacity |
The cavity created by the joint which contains the synovial fluid. |
| Synovial Fluid |
The viscous fluid produced by the synovial membrane that is contained
within the joint. |
|
T
| Tack |
The bridle, saddle, and other items used on a horse to be ridden. |
| Teaser |
A substitute stallion used to ascertain a mare's readiness to breed. |
| Temperature |
The normal temperature of a horse is 38 C (100.5 F) |
| Tendon |
A fibrous cord by which a muscle is attached to the bone. |
| Tetanus
|
An infectious, often fatal disease caused by the micro-organsim Tetanus
Bacillus which lives in the soil and enters a horse's body through wounds,
especially of the foot. |
| Thoracic Limb |
The forelimb of the horse. |
| Thoroughpin |
This is the common term used to describe the condition of the tenosynovitis
within the deep flexor tendon sheath. |
| Throat Latch |
A strap which is part of the headstall of a bridle. It fastens
under the horse's throat so as to prevent the bridle from slipping over
the head. |
| Thrush |
A common disease of the foot caused by a bacteria which can live only
in an anaerobic,or no air, environment, characterized by a foul smelling
discharge. |
| Toe |
An anatomic term which focuses on the dorsal part of the hoof wall. |
| Toed-in |
A position of the feet in which the toes point toward one another when
viewed from the front. |
| Toed-out |
The toes point away from one another when viewed from the front. |
| Top Line |
Located on the back of the horse, the line from the bottom of the horse's
neck to the end of the top point of the hind quarters. |
| Toxin |
A poisonous, harmful substance. |
| Trainer |
Any person who is responsible for the training and performance of a
horse. |
| Transition |
Changing pace from one speed to another. Walk to trot and trot
to lope are known upward transitions. Lope to trot, and trot to walk
are known as downward transitions. |
| Trauma |
Any injury or insult to the tissues. |
| Trot |
A pace of two time in which the legs move in diagonal pairs. |
| Turn on the Forehand |
A movement in which the horse pivots on the forehand while describing
concentric circles with the hind legs. |
| Turn on the Haunches |
A movements in which the horse pivots on the hind legs while describing
concentric circles with the forelegs. |
| Tying-up |
A syndrome of muscular cramping, pain, and varying degrees of muscle
breakdown associated with exercise. |
| Type |
Describes a horse that fills a purpose but is not automatically a certain
breed. |
|
U
| Ultrasound |
This is a diagnostic and therapeutic instrument that emits radiant
energy at different frequencies. |
| Unilateral |
Affecting only one side. |
| Unseated |
A rider who has in some way been put out of the saddle |
| Unsound |
A horse which has any defect which makes it unable to function properly. |
|
V
| Veins |
These are vessels which carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. |
| Vice |
A bad habit. |
| Viral |
Pertaining to, or caused by a virus. |
| Virus
|
One group of minute infectious agents, with certain exception (ie:
poxviruses, psittacosis group) not resolved in the light microscope, and
characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and by the ability to
replicate only within living host cells. |
|
W
| Walk |
A pace of four time in which the hooves strike the ground in the following
sequence: near hind, near fore, off hind, off fore. |
| Weaving |
Is a vice and is when a horse rocks from side to side, usually from
boredom. |
| Wind Puff |
This is a cosmetic blemish caused by the synovial swelling of a tendon
or tendon sheath. |
| Windgall |
A puffy elastic swelling of a horse's knee or fetlock joints caused
by an over-secretion of synovia, a fluid similar to joint oil. |
| Windsucking |
A harmful habit in which a horse draws in and swallows air, causing
indigestion. |
| Winging |
This is a movement of a foot through flight toward, and then away from,
a medial plane at the beginning and end of a stride. |
| Withers |
The highest part of a horse's back: the area at the base of the
neck between the shoulder blades. |
|
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